ściągi, pomoce naukowe, geografia, historia, chemia, wzory
home | ściąga | forum dziś jest piątek, 4 lipca 2008
Menu główne
strona główna
szukaj
forum
kontakt
mapa strony
Pomoce naukowe
Biologia
Chemia
Geografia
Historia
Język Angielski
PO
Religia
Prawo
Stosunki międzynarodowe
Ściągi > Chemia
EKSPRESJA GENÓW
odsłon: 404
CHEMIZM FOTOSYNTEZY
odsłon: 735
Cykry
odsłon: 467
Białka
odsłon: 589
Alkeny
odsłon: 496
Związki organiczne
odsłon: 4547
Chemia
odsłon: 1648
Cukry
odsłon: 965
Białka
odsłon: 386
Alkeny
odsłon: 696

strona: [1] [2] | Wszystkich opracowań: 15

© 2006 www.sufler.net. Wszelkie prawa zastrzeżone.
powered by jPORTAL 2
opracowania Wypracowania
psychologia, filozofia aparaty cyfrowe hosting www

INSERT INTO `wypracowania_dodaj` (`nazwa`, `url`, `opis`, `kategoria_dodaj`, `pokaz_dodaj`, `czas`) VALUES("Afghanistan", "afghanistan", "<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center\" align=\"center\"><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 18pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt\">Afghanistan<p /></span></b></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 18pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt\"> <p /></span></b></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 18pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt\"> <p /></span></b></p><h1 style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\"><u><font size=\"5\">HISTORY:</font></u></h1><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt\"><u> <p /></u></span></b></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 19.85pt; TEXT-INDENT: -17pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 20.85pt\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt\">&middot;<span style=\"FONT: 7pt \"Times New Roman\"\">       </span></span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt\">formally established as a state after the Second Anglo-Afghan War (1878-1880)<p /></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 19.85pt; TEXT-INDENT: -17pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 20.85pt\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt\">&middot;<span style=\"FONT: 7pt \"Times New Roman\"\">       </span></span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt\">a buffer between British and Russian empire (prevented from numerous skirmishes)<p /></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 19.85pt; TEXT-INDENT: -17pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 20.85pt\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt\">&middot;<span style=\"FONT: 7pt \"Times New Roman\"\">       </span></span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt\">imposition of an absulutist monarchy (due to B. efforts) </span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings\"><span style=\"mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings\">&agrave;</span></span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt\">in 1919 &#8211; declaration of independence<p /></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 19.85pt; TEXT-INDENT: -17pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 20.85pt\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt\">&middot;<span style=\"FONT: 7pt \"Times New Roman\"\">       </span></span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt\">Cold War &#8211; a buffer between SU and the US sponsored Baghdad Pact<p /></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 19.85pt; TEXT-INDENT: -17pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 20.85pt\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt\">&middot;<span style=\"FONT: 7pt \"Times New Roman\"\">       </span></span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt\">the SU &#8211; major air provider<p /></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 53.4pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list 53.4pt\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt\">-<span style=\"FONT: 7pt \"Times New Roman\"\">         </span></span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt\">sponsored recruitment and equipping of a 100,000-strong army<p /></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list 18.0pt\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt\">¨<span style=\"FONT: 7pt \"Times New Roman\"\">     </span></span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt\">nonaligned Afghanistan had turned to the SU for military aid after the US had refused to consider such aid &#8211; and rather backed Pakistan<p /></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list 18.0pt\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt\">¨<span style=\"FONT: 7pt \"Times New Roman\"\">     </span></span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt\">A. vs<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes\">  </span>P.<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes\">  </span>dispute over Pashtunistan -<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes\">  </span>areas of Nortwest Pakistan inhabited by Pashtuns<p /></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt\"> <p /></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings\"><span style=\"mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings\">&agrave;</span></span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt\"> until mid-1970s, the US and SU competed for influence over a regime they both supported<p /></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt\"> <p /></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt\"> <p /></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: list 18.0pt\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: \"Monotype Sorts\"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt\">H<span style=\"FONT: 7pt \"Times New Roman\"\">     </span></span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt\">finally &#8211; communist power was established in A. on 27<sup>th</sup> April 1978 through a bloody military coup<p /></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: list 18.0pt\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: \"Monotype Sorts\"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt\">H<span style=\"FONT: 7pt \"Times New Roman\"\">     </span></span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt\">the new, <i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal\">wobbly </i>(chwiej±cy siê) government enjoyed little popular support </span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings\"><span style=\"mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings\">&agrave;</span></span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt\">the army began to disintegrate; some units mutinied </span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings\"><span style=\"mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings\">&agrave;</span></span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt\"> chaotic civil war commened<p /></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: list 18.0pt\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: \"Monotype Sorts\"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt\">H<span style=\"FONT: 7pt \"Times New Roman\"\">     </span></span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt\">the Soviet Politburo moved to stabilize situation<p /></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: list 18.0pt\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: \"Monotype Sorts\"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt\">H<span style=\"FONT: 7pt \"Times New Roman\"\">     </span></span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt\">the invasion was launched on Christmas Eve in 1979 &#8211; not main Muslim holiday, but time the West was not prepared to quickly react<p /></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: list 18.0pt\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: \"Monotype Sorts\"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt\">H<span style=\"FONT: 7pt \"Times New Roman\"\">     </span></span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt\">after swift action by airborne and Spetsnaz troops key sites in Kabul were seized </span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings\"><span style=\"mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings\">&agrave;</span></span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt\"> installation of a puppet regime </span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings\"><span style=\"mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings\">&agrave;</span></span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt\"> ground invasion of Soviet force<p /></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: list 18.0pt\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: \"Monotype Sorts\"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt\">H<span style=\"FONT: 7pt \"Times New Roman\"\">     </span></span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt\">expected to quickly quell the resistance (as in Hungary 56 and Chechoslovakia 68) but the war had onlu begun<p /></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: list 18.0pt\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: \"Monotype Sorts\"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt\">H<span style=\"FONT: 7pt \"Times New Roman\"\">     </span></span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt\">in the result of stiff struggle and determined will of Afghans as well as well-thought-out guerrilla war &#8211; the campaign lasted till 1989 (1.3 million A. killed)<p /></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt\"> <p /></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt\"> <p /></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: list 18.0pt\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt\">&egrave;<span style=\"FONT: 7pt \"Times New Roman\"\">      </span></span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt\">both superpowers expended far more resources in the A conflict than they had ever devoted to cooperation &amp; development<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes\">  </span>-<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes\">  </span>the intervention cost the SU about us$ 5,000 million per year compared to the total of about us$ 2,500 million aid over the previous 25 years.<p /></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: list 18.0pt\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt\">&egrave;<span style=\"FONT: 7pt \"Times New Roman\"\">      </span></span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt\">the US backed the mujahedin &#8211; obver 1,000 million per year &#8211; like Soviet expenditure, this amount was also about 50 times the average yearly expenditure by the US on aid to A. during 1955-1978<p /></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt\"> <p /></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt\"> <p /></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><u><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt\"> <p /></span></u></b></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><u><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt\"> <p /></span></u></b></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><b style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal\"><u><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt\">HUMANITARIAN CONSEQUENCES:<p /></span></u></b></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt\"> <p /></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list 18.0pt\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt\">v<span style=\"FONT: 7pt \"Times New Roman\"\">    </span></span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt\">after the Soviet invasion, Afghanistan became the world&#8217;s leading producer of refugees and displaced persons<p /></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list 18.0pt\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt\">v<span style=\"FONT: 7pt \"Times New Roman\"\">    </span></span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt\">at the height of the warduring 1980s &#8211; 3.5 million lived in Pakistan and another 2 &#8211; in Iran<p /></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list 18.0pt\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt\">v<span style=\"FONT: 7pt \"Times New Roman\"\">    </span></span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt\">after withdrawal (Feb 1989) &#8211; refugees, mainly from rural areas beagn to return<p /></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list 18.0pt\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt\">v<span style=\"FONT: 7pt \"Times New Roman\"\">    </span></span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt\">at present, authorities estimate that about 1 million Afghans remain in Pakistan and 1.5 million in Iran<p /></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list 18.0pt\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt\">v<span style=\"FONT: 7pt \"Times New Roman\"\">    </span></span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt\">in 90s hundreds of thousands fled to P., Russia, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan owing to economic <i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal\">scarcities </i>(niedobór) and ethnic resentment<p /></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list 18.0pt\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt\">v<span style=\"FONT: 7pt \"Times New Roman\"\">    </span></span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt\">trade is frequently blockaded or subjected to <i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal\">extortionated </i>(wygórowany) taxes by local power holders<p /></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list 18.0pt\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt\">v<span style=\"FONT: 7pt \"Times New Roman\"\">    </span></span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt\">transport hindered by devastated roads<p /></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list 18.0pt\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt\">v<span style=\"FONT: 7pt \"Times New Roman\"\">    </span></span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt\">the new generation is growing with little education except in weaponry training<p /></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt\"> <p /></span></p><h2 style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\"><u>LANDMINE PROBLEM</u></h2><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\"><font size=\"2\"> <p /></font></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 19.85pt; TEXT-INDENT: -19.85pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: list 19.85pt\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: Webdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt\">•<span style=\"FONT: 7pt \"Times New Roman\"\">    </span></span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt\">surveys <span style=\"mso-tab-count: 1\">    </span>&#8211; 13.6% of families involved in a mine accident<p /></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 53.4pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list 53.4pt\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt\">-<span style=\"FONT: 7pt \"Times New Roman\"\">         </span></span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt\">20-25 people are injured or killed by mines daily in A.<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes\">   </span>( 8000 deaths per year)<p /></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 53.4pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list 53.4pt\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt\">-<span style=\"FONT: 7pt \"Times New Roman\"\">         </span></span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt\">the highest density of landime victims in the world<p /></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 53.4pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list 53.4pt\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt\">-<span style=\"FONT: 7pt \"Times New Roman\"\">         </span></span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt\">grazing land accounted for 75% of mined ares and agricultural land &#8211; 20%, the remainder<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes\">  </span>included mainly &#8211; irrigation systems, roads and residential areas<p /></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 19.85pt; TEXT-INDENT: -19.85pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: list 19.85pt\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: Webdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt\">•<span style=\"FONT: 7pt \"Times New Roman\"\">    </span></span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt\">both sides laid mines during conflict<p /></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 19.85pt; TEXT-INDENT: -19.85pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: list 19.85pt\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: Webdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt\">•<span style=\"FONT: 7pt \"Times New Roman\"\">    </span></span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt\">by very rough estimates &#8211; 8 million anti-personnel and 2 million anti-tank mines in A.<p /></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 19.85pt; TEXT-INDENT: -19.85pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: list 19.85pt\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: Webdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt\">•<span style=\"FONT: 7pt \"Times New Roman\"\">    </span></span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt\">Russian mapped their mines (except those dropped from helicopters) &#8211; Afghans not<p /></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 19.85pt; TEXT-INDENT: -19.85pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: list 19.85pt\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: Webdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt\">•<span style=\"FONT: 7pt \"Times New Roman\"\">    </span></span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt\">the major casualties are civilians<p /></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 19.85pt; TEXT-INDENT: -19.85pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: list 19.85pt\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: Webdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt\">•<span style=\"FONT: 7pt \"Times New Roman\"\">    </span></span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt\">study conducted by ICRC &#8211; 85% of landmine victims had been engaged in non-military activities such as <i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal\">tending</i> (dogl±danie) livestock, farming and travelling<p /></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt\"> <p /></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt\">The question for humanity is how far a nation&#8217;s endurance will be pushed with regard to renowned human rights. <p /></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 53.4pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list 53.4pt\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt\">-<span style=\"FONT: 7pt \"Times New Roman\"\">         </span></span><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt\">The UN&#8217;s political mission has a budget of only about us$ 1 million and is <i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal\">flouted </i>(lekcewa¿ony) by neighbouring countries that continue to aid belligerents. Countries that paid thousands of millions for the war today can hardly find a million for reconstruction. <p /></span></p><p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt\"> <p /></span></p><span style=\"FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: \"Times New Roman\"; mso-ansi-language: PL; mso-fareast-language: PL; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA\">If nothing happens Afghanistan will likely remain a source of drugs, guns, violence and a population dependent on humanitarian agencies for decades to come. </span>", 7, 2, "2006-12-26 13:57:19");